Introduction to Construction Site Security Technology
Okay, we admit it, and we are proud of it! For over three decades, we have operated primarily as a security guard company. During that time, we have deployed thousands of security guards around Europe and through our sister companies, across the globe. Our security personnel have worked within every scenario imaginable across all sectors of society.
We have some pretty old-school ideas about what it takes to provide a professional and reliable security guard service. While we believe there will always be a place for professional security guards, that’s not to say that we have been blind to the way that modern technological advances have introduced increasingly efficient and effective safeguarding for construction sites.
New advances in AI and machine learning are announced almost every day, introducing new ways of doing security that go well beyond standard alarms and CCTV systems. And yes, we are embracing the change. Resistance is futile!
Construction sites pose some unique challenges, with high-value machinery and materials often being delivered before a perimeter is in place and without a connection to the power grid.
In this post, we are going to explore how embracing technology for construction site security can boost efficiency but also how technology itself can overcome the issues presented by working off-grid and without a wired internet connection.
Established Building Site Security Strategies
In a previous post, we covered the general principles governing construction site security and discussed some of the more basic technology, but before we dive into the technology, let’s have a quick recap of what is generally considered to be standard practice for building site security.
| What to Do | How to do it |
|---|---|
| Security audit and plan | Conduct a thorough site assessment and a plan to address security risks |
| Establishing a perimeter | Use fencing barriers and gates to establish a secure perimeter funnelling all access through a single checkpoint. |
| Adequate lighting | A well lit construction site will deter thieves who like to operate under cover of darkness |
| Visitor management | Implement a system to track, log and manage all visitors to the site |
| Secure storage | Store valuable equipment and materials in locked containers or secure storage areas |
| Inventory control | Maintain a detailed inventory of all equipment and materials on the site. |
| Marking equipment | Mark all equipment with the company name or a unique identifier to deter theft and aid reecovery |
| Security induction training | Educate employees and subcontractors about security best practices, including reporting suspicious activity. |
| Security guards | Trained security guards can monitor the site, control access, and respond to incidents. |
| Identification cards | Issue identification cards to authorised personnel only. |
Utilising Construction Site Security Technology In Off-grid Locations
Let’s face it, without power or an internet connection, modern technology is little more than expensive junk. Fortunately, the technology itself has developed to overcome these obstacles and ensure that the latest systems can be used without a connection to the power grid. Many building sites do not come with ready-installed power and internet The standard fallback is generator power, but keeping a generator running 24/7 is hardly a desirable solution in terms of the noise and the harmful diesel emissions.
Luckily there are several methods to deploy modern technology for construction site security without relying on mains electric power:
Solar Powered Security
Solar power is increasingly being used in the security industry. With more efficient power collection and storage capabilities plus the integration of sensor technology, it is possible for security cameras and lighting to run independently of the grid for significant periods. Solar-powered security devices can be triggered by motion sensors or other triggers, alerting security personnel or emergency services to potential threats.
Battery Powered Security
Battery technology has come a long way in recent years. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are common in many modern security cameras. On a full charge, they can typically last anywhere from 24 to 48 hours with continuous use However, if the camera is set to motion detection mode, the battery can last from several weeks to a few months. Incorporate solar charging technology and they can remain active indefinitely
Cellular Security
These security systems use cellular 4 and 5g networks to communicate with monitoring centres and nominated recipients, rather than relying on traditional landlines or Wi-Fi. Cellular systems can operate without internet or mains power. Cellular security devices include cameras, sensors, alarms and portable cellular routers. With a wireless mesh router system, it is possible to have widely distributed internet coverage without an internet connection
An incoming alternative power source for off-grid construction security
Fuel Cells
Fuel cells can provide a reliable and clean power source for security systems, particularly in remote locations. The most common fuel used in fuel cells is hydrogen. As an example of how this is developing for construction site security, construction management online recently reported that Siemens Energy and GeoPura have successfully implemented a hydrogen fuel cell system at the Viking Link construction site in Lincolnshire UK, providing off-grid power and heat, eliminating the need for diesel generators
Uses in Remote Construction Sites
Remote construction sites are more likely to need alternative power due to not being connected to the grid. Fuel cells can be used to power high-resolution cameras, motion sensors and alarm systems as well as LED lights to illuminate critical areas of the site. This means that visibility is improved and the site is continuously monitored even when off-grid.
In cases where a construction site has a grid connection fuel cells could serve as a backup power source for security systems for uninterrupted operation during power outages or to contribute to green energy initiatives..
Challenges and Future Potential:
While fuel cells offer convenient and eco-friendly advantages, their widespread adoption in construction site security is still limited as the technology is in the early stages.
- Initial cost: Fuel cells can be expensive to purchase and install.
- Fuel availability and infrastructure: Reliable access to hydrogen or other fuel sources may be challenging in some locations.
- Technical complexity: Fuel cells require careful maintenance and operation.
However, as technology advances and costs decrease, fuel cells are expected to become more viable and widely adopted for construction site security and other applications. making it likely that we’ll see more practical applications of fuel cells in construction site security in the coming years.
Building site security technology – intruder detection
So having established that having no grid power and no internet connection is no longer a block to introducing the latest security technology into construction site security, let’s now explore what is available and how it works. Intruder detection is a proactive measure designed to ensure that any attempts to breach a perimeter are detected and appropriate automated actions taken. This takes security a stage further than simply gathering evidence after an incident has occurred and when fully integrated, will intervene and stop crime before it happens
.Here are some pioneering perimeter detection devices that can be used for construction security:
Sensors
Sensors play an important role in boosting the security of building sites. They act as the eyes and ears of a security system not only detecting an intrusion but also detecting suspicious behaviour and triggering real-time responses before a perimeter has been breached. Reactions might take the form of automated switching on of flood or strobe lights, or initiating an audible warning like a siren or a recorded message as well as sending out alerts to nominated recipients via SMS and email.
Here’s a breakdown of the different types of sensors and how they can contribute to building site security:
Fibre Optic Sensors:
Fibre optic sensors are devices that use light to detect changes in the environment. They use thin strands of glass or plastic fibres to transmit light. When light travels through these fibres, it can be affected by changes in temperature, pressure, or other physical conditions. Any change in the light’s behaviour (like bending, stretching, or breaking) can be detected and measured. This helps in identifying changes in the environment where the sensor is placed. They can detect even the slightest vibrations even over long distances for example if someone attempts climbing or cutting a fence. Fibre optic sensors are less susceptible to false alarms caused by environmental factors like wind or rain. This type of sensor is ideal for expansive construction sites.
Microwave Sensors:
Microwave sensors emit microwave signals (similar to radar) and detect the reflections from objects. When an object moves within the sensor’s range, the frequency of the reflected signals changes due to the Doppler effect. These sensors can detect motion, presence, and even the speed of objects. They are very sensitive and can detect movement through non-metallic barriers like walls and glass. They are unaffected by weather conditions like rain, snow, or fog and offer flexibility with easy adjustment of distances and angles
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Sensors:
LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensors emit pulses of light (usually laser beams) and measure the time it takes for the light to bounce back after hitting an object. By calculating this time, the sensor can determine the distance to the These sensors can create detailed 3D maps of the environment by measuring distances to multiple points. They are very precise and can detect even small changes in the surroundings. Their advantage from a security perspective is that they can detect intruders from a long way away, even in low-visibility conditions. They also offer high levels of accuracy resulting in reduced false alarms.
Building Site Access Control Technology
Number Plate Recognition (ANPR)
Number plate recognition (ANPR) can be an effective tool for construction site access control. High-resolution cameras are strategically placed at the site’s entry and exit points. The cameras capture images of vehicles entering or leaving the site and use advanced algorithms and a database of authorised vehicle number plates. Based on the comparison, the system can automatically authorise or deny access to or exit from the site. This can be implemented through barriers, gates, or other physical access control mechanisms and offers an opportunity to automate entry and exit. The system can generate detailed logs of all vehicle movements, aiding in site management, post-incident investigations and collecting data for security audits.
Benefits of ANPR for Construction Site Access Control:
- Enhanced Security: It helps prevent unauthorised access by restricting entry to only approved vehicles.
- Improved Efficiency: Automated access control reduces wait times and streamlines the entry and exit process.
- Remote Monitoring: ANPR systems can be integrated with remote monitoring solutions, allowing for real-time oversight of site access.
- Integration with Other Systems: ANPR can be integrated with other security systems, such as CCTV and access control, for a comprehensive security solution.
Biometrics
Biometrics can be a highly effective solution for construction site access control and may not be as expensive as some would imagine. A fingerprint reader system can be as little as 200 to 500 pounds for a simple single-point system. Biometric systems significantly reduce the risk of unauthorised access and theft. Authentication is faster and more convenient than traditional methods like cards or keys. Biometric systems can be integrated with remote monitoring solutions, allowing for real-time oversight of site access. They can also integrate with other business admin functions like employee time tracking and payroll.
Here are some of the most common biometric technologies used in construction site security and the benefits they offer
Fingerprint Recognition
Fingerprint readers can quickly and accurately identify individuals. The technology has become much more robust and able to work effectively in harsh and potentially dirty construction site environments
Facial Recognition
Facial recognition systems allow for hands-free access, reducing the risk of contamination and improving efficiency. The technology has become more accurate and reliable even in poor lighting conditions and can be integrated with other security systems, such as video surveillance and access control.
Iris Recognition
Iris recognition is one of the most secure biometric technologies available. Each person’s iris pattern is unique, making it difficult to spoof. Iris readers are more suited to corporate environments but could be used on sensitive construction projects
CCTV Cameras
No discussion of construction site security would be complete without giving CCTV its own section. By no means new technology, the first documented use of CCTV (closed-circuit television) in the security industry dates back to 1942. It was developed by German engineer Walter Bruch for Siemens AG to monitor the launch of V-2 rockets during World War II. CCTV technology has evolved significantly since then and even systems that were innovative a few years ago have been rendered outdated by rapid advances in power independence, AI and machine learning.
Here are some recent advances in CCTV technology that differentiate it from systems available just three years ago:
Enhanced Resolution and Image Quality:
- 4K and Heading to 8K Resolution: While 4K resolution has become more common, the industry is now moving towards even higher resolutions, such as 8K. This provides even clearer, more detailed images and increases the distance at which they can be generated
- Low-Light and Infrared Performance: Enhanced low-light capabilities and infrared (IR) imaging are becoming standard, allowing for clearer footage in dimly lit or completely dark environments.
Advanced Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI):
- Object Detection and Recognition: Modern CCTV systems can distinguish between people, cars, pets, and other objects, reducing false alarms and allowing for targeted responses.
- Facial Recognition: Advanced facial recognition algorithms can identify individuals from databases, leading to enhanced access control, visitor management, and public safety.
- Behaviour Analysis: AI-powered systems can use machine learning to analyse footage in real time and detect unusual behaviour patterns ensuring that CCTV is much more than an evidence-gathering tool with a proactive approach to dealing with threats.
Seamless Integration with Other Technologies:
- IoT Integration: CCTV systems are increasingly being integrated with other IoT devices, allowing for data sharing and enhanced situational awareness.
- Cloud-Based Solutions: Cloud-based CCTV systems offer remote access, easier monitoring and management, and improved scalability.
Enhanced Cybersecurity:
- Data Encryption: Modern CCTV systems employ strong data encryption to protect sensitive footage from unauthorized access.
- Two-Factor Authentication: Enhanced security measures, such as two-factor authentication, safeguard access to CCTV systems.
Tips for Effective CCTV Placement on a Construction Site
When placing CCTV cameras on a construction site, consider these areas to optimise coverage:
- Perimeter Security:
- Entry and Exit Points: Position cameras to capture clear images of vehicles and individuals entering and exiting the site.
- Perimeter Fences: Install cameras along the perimeter fence to monitor for potential breaches.
- Remote Access Points: Try to funnel access through a single point but when this is not possible cover any remote access points, such as gates, doors, or perimeter fence openings.
- High-Value Areas:
- Equipment Storage: Monitor areas where valuable tools, equipment and materials are stored.
- Construction Offices: Place cameras to capture entry to and exit from site offices.
- Material Delivery Areas: Keep an eye on incoming and outgoing materials and the vehicles that transport them.
- Blind Spots and Vulnerable Areas:
- Hidden Corners: Install cameras in areas obscured from view, such as behind buildings or under bridges. Overlapping camera coverage can help ensure that there are no blind spots.
- Dark Areas: Use cameras with infrared capabilities to monitor poorly lit areas, especially at night..
- Camera Height and Angle:
- Optimal Viewing: Position cameras at a height that provides a clear view of the area.
- Angle Adjustment: Adjust the camera angle to minimise blind spots and maximise coverage.
Final Thoughts and Insights
- Over the past three years, the price of construction materials has increased dramatically. Average prices have risen by approximately 35.6% since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the National Association of House Builders in 2022 alone, prices increased by about 19.2% year-over-year. With a high resale value on tools and materials, construction sites have become increasingly tempting targets for opportunist thieves and criminal gangs. Add to that the ongoing problems of trespassing and vandalism and it is easy to see the important and in many cases cost-saving role that construction site security plays.
- Not too long ago it was difficult to deploy advanced security technology on a construction site that was not connected to the power grid and was without internet. Advances in alternative power and cellular internet have all but eliminated these issues meaning that a construction site can now be protected by technology from the outset.
- Security technology increases efficiency and effectiveness and allows automated access control and authorisation. Automation means that there is less reliance on manned guarding but this does not cut security contractors out of the picture entirely. Instead, security companies are taking on a different role which is to provide remote monitoring, receive security alerts from the technology and initiate an appropriate emergency response. The role becomes much more about remote guarding and less about maintaining a static onsite presence
